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--- report [2023/06/20 15:04] – [Table] team3
+++ report [2023/06/27 23:29] (current) – team3
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 <WRAP box center 600px>
 ^ Abbreviation ^ Description ^
+|2D|Two Dimensions|
+|3D|Three Dimensions|
+|AI|Artificial Intelligence|
+|AOA|Angle of Arrival|
+|API|Application Programming Interface|
+|AR|Augmented Reality|
+|BLE|Bluetooth Low Energy|
+|D.C.|District of Columbia|
 |EPS |European Project Semester|
-|ISEP|Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto|
+|EU|European Union|
+|FEM|Finite Element Method|
 |FES |Fast-Efficient-Sustainable|
-|UPC|Universal Product Code|
+|FMI|Food Marketing Institute|
-|RCA|Radio Corporation of America|
+|GLONASS|Global Navigation Satellite System|
-|NCR|National Cash Registration|
-|LED|Light Emitting Diode|
-|D.C.|District of Columbia|
-|USA|United States of America|
-|RFID|Radio Frequency Identification|
-|AI|Artificial Intelligence|
 |GNSS|Global Navigation Satellite System|
-|RF|Radio Frequency|
 |GPS|Global Positioning System|
-|GLONASS|Global Navigation Satellite System|
+|IoT|Internet of Things|
-|GNSS|Global Navigation Satellite System|
+|ISEP|Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto|
+|LCA|Life Cycle Analysis|
+|LED|Light Emitting Diode|
+|NCR|National Cash Registration|
+|NFC|Near Field Communication|
 |PDR|Pedestrian Dead Reckoning|
-|Wi-Fi|Wireless Fidelity|
+|PMBOK|Project Management Body of Knowledge|
-|VLC|Visible Light Communication|
+|PV|Photovoltaic|
-|UWB|Ultra Wide Band|
+|QR|Quick Response|
-|3D|Three Dimensions|
+|RCA|Radio Corporation of America|
-|2D|Two Dimensions|
+|RF|Radio Frequency|
+|RFID|Radio Frequency Identification|
+|RSS|Received Signal Strength|
+|SCoT|Smart Connected Things|
+|SIFT|Scale Invariant Feature Transform|
 |SURF|Speeded Up Robust Feature|
-|SIFT|Scale Invariant Feature Transform|
+|TDOA|Time Difference of Arrival|
+|TOA|Time of Arrival|
+|UPC|Universal Product Code|
+|USA|United States of America|
 |UWB|Ultra Wide Band|
-|RSS|Received Signal Strength|
+|VLC|Visible Light Communication|
-|AOA|Angle of Arrival|
+|VR|Virtual Reality|
-|TOA|Time of Arrival|
+|Wi-Fi|Wireless Fidelity|
-|TDOA|Time Difference of Arrival|
-|BLE|Bluetooth Low Energy|
-|RF|Radio Frequency|
-|LCA|Life Cycle Analysis|
-|EU|European Union|
-|PMBOK|Project Management Body of Knowledge|
-|SCoT|Smart Connected Things|
-|QR|Quick Response|
 |WNS|Wireless Sensor Network|
-|NFC|Near Field Communication|
-|IoT|Internet of Things|
-|PV|Photovoltaic|
-|AR|Augmented Reality|
-|VR|Virtual Reality|
-|FMI|Food Marketing Institute|
 |XPS|Extruded Polystyrene|
-|FEM|Finite Element Method|
-|API|Application Programming Interface|
 |||
 |||
@@ Line 135: / Line 132: @@
 The motivation not only comes from the goal of the project but also from the desire to share a working group with students from other countries, from different fields and to grow as a person thanks to all this.
 ==== - Problem ====
-Overcrowded shops and the time spent doing shopping are major issues that have been affecting the shopping experience of consumers worldwide. The majority of people shop for groceries in person, at a physical grocery store while only 16% of surveyed ((grocerystatistics))  get their groceries delivered. Overcrowding in shops refers to a situation where there are too many people in a store, making it difficult for shoppers to move around, shop comfortably, or maintain social distancing, especially during peak periods such as holidays or weekends. This can lead to frustration, anxiety, and dissatisfaction with the shopping experience.
+Overcrowded shops and the time spent doing shopping are major issues that have been affecting the shopping experience of consumers worldwide. The majority of people shop for groceries in person, at a physical grocery store while only 16 % of surveyed ((grocerystatistics))  get their groceries delivered. Overcrowding in shops refers to a situation where there are too many people in a store, making it difficult for shoppers to move around, shop comfortably, or maintain social distancing, especially during peak periods such as holidays or weekends. This can lead to frustration, anxiety, and dissatisfaction with the shopping experience.
 In addition to overcrowding, the time spent doing shopping is also a significant issue for consumers. ((grocerystatistics)) The majority of people spend less than 44 minutes grocery shopping per trip. With busy schedules and limited time, many shoppers find themselves spending more time than they would like to complete their shopping, resulting in inconvenience, stress, and reduced productivity. This can be due to factors such as long queues at the checkout, difficulty finding products, or insufficient staff to assist shoppers.
 With our smart supermarket (FESmarket) we would like to find a solution to those problems and make the process of buying groceries an easy, quick, and enjoyable task.
@@ Line 397: / Line 394: @@
 <caption>Comparative table of smart shopping carts</caption>
 <WRAP box 80% center>
-^  SMART SHOPPING CART   ^  KEY FEATURES                                                                                          ^  COMPANY     ^
+^  Smart Shopping Cart   ^  Key Features                                                                                          ^  Company     ^
 |  Amazon Dash Cart      |  Automatic item detection, mobile payment, built-in screen for cart total display                      |  Amazon      |
 |  Caper Cart            |  Barcode scanner, touchscreen display, mobile payment, product recommendations, store maps             |  Caper       |
@@ Line 468: / Line 465: @@
 ==== - Interaction ====
-Haptic technology ensures not only communication but attempts to provide the user with an immersive interactive experience. It is the idea of incorporating touch into the digital world. There are three types of categories that devices fall into in regards to haptic technology—graspable (e.g., a joystick), wearable (e.g., a finger pad put on your finger) and touchable (e.g., smartphones or smart watches) (Hutson, 2018). This idea of touch entering into technology has reached several fields beyond the screen. Such fields that have taken interest include medicine, robotics and even art (Hutson, 2018; De Venecia, 2020; Haptic technology. n.d.). While we will focus on how haptics interact with us on a daily basis, haptics is changing the way we interact with future technology [(Syndey2020)].\\
+Haptic technology ensures not only communication but attempts to provide the user with an immersive interactive experience. It is the idea of incorporating touch into the digital world. There are three types of categories that devices fall into in regards to haptic technology—graspable (e.g., a joystick), wearable (e.g., a finger pad put on your finger) and touchable (e.g., smartphones or smart watches). This idea of touch entering into technology has reached several fields beyond the screen. Such fields that have taken interest include medicine, robotics and even art. While we will focus on how haptics interact with us on a daily basis, haptics is changing the way we interact with future technology [(Syndey2020)].\\
 Introducing haptic feedback for customers in a smart shopping cart might exchange the user experience. Supermarkets are big, crowded and are built to make one lose focus because of the different colours and varieties of products displayed.
@@ Line 609: / Line 606: @@
 <caption>Project stakeholders</caption>
 <WRAP box 60% center>
-|  Name            |  Cost per month [€]  |  Months of Labor  |  Total    |
+|  Name            |  Cost per month [€]  |  Months of Labor  |  Total [€]  |
-|  Daniel          |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652   |
+|  Daniel          |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652     |
-|  Miquel          |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652   |
+|  Miquel          |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652     |
-|  Hessel          |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652   |
+|  Hessel          |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652     |
-|  Tobi            |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652   |
+|  Tobi            |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652     |
-|  Jelte           |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652   |
+|  Jelte           |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652     |
-|  Dominika        |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652   |
+|  Dominika        |  1 618               |  14               |  22 652     |
-|  Mapsted         |  300                 |  12               |  3600     |
+|  Mapsted         |  300                 |  12               |  3600       |
-|  Total Cost [€]  |                      |                   |  139 512  |
+|  Total Cost [€]  |                      |                   |  139 512    |
 **Note:** Mapsted is a company that offers personalized indoor localization. The total price of acquiring the system for a medium size supermarket will approximately cost 300 euros each month.
 </WRAP>
@@ Line 1429: / Line 1426: @@
 A study conducted on the shopping habits of Generation Z and Millennials showed several very interesting findings:
--The top reason shoppers are unlikely to buy groceries online in the future as they enjoy shopping in-store. Many shoppers want to choose their own produce, cuts of meat, seafood, etc. Most respondents (71%) rated making their own choices as their favorite part of in-store grocery shopping. Shoppers also liked the opportunity to discover new products (56%) and enjoyed the overall experience offered by in-store retailers (41%).
+-The top reason shoppers are unlikely to buy groceries online in the future as they enjoy shopping in-store. Many shoppers want to choose their own produce, cuts of meat, seafood, etc. Most respondents (71 %) rated making their own choices as their favorite part of in-store grocery shopping. Shoppers also liked the opportunity to discover new products (56 %) and enjoyed the overall experience offered by in-store retailers (41 %).
 -Even with the ambivalence about online grocery shopping, a significant minority of both generations shop online two or three times a month, meaning omnichannel is important for retailers. “The current state of omnichannel requires that grocers accommodate customers’ needs in whatever channel they prefer to shop for a given product,“ the report states.
@@ Line 1435: / Line 1432: @@
 -Both generations want greater customization in their grocery shopping experience.
 Participation in loyalty programs increases with age and life stage:
-  * Gen Z: 49%
+  * Gen Z: 49 %
-  * Single millennials without children: 58%
+  * Single millennials without children: 58 %
-  * Single millennials with children: 61%
+  * Single millennials with children: 61 %
-  * Married millennials without children: 64%
+  * Married millennials without children: 64 %
-  * Married millennials with children: 70%
+  * Married millennials with children: 70 %
--Before grocery shopping, 79% of shoppers always or sometimes check for discounts in a variety of ways, including online and paper coupons, store flyers, and apps. Millennials are more likely than Gen Z shoppers to use some type of technology (store apps, online weekly circular).
+-Before grocery shopping, 79 % of shoppers always or sometimes check for discounts in a variety of ways, including online and paper coupons, store flyers, and apps. Millennials are more likely than Gen Z shoppers to use some type of technology (store apps, online weekly circular).
 Overall, the report concludes that Gen Z and millennial shoppers care about similar things when grocery shopping. First and foremost is convenience. Also important are loyalty programs, food samples, grocery store apps, an improved online shopping experience, and quality of personnel. These attributes apply both in-store and online, which indicates shoppers prefer an omnichannel experience. “Retailers that can successfully develop and implement omnichannel strategies will have an excellent opportunity to increase customer satisfaction, loyalty, and retention rates,” FMI notes [(FoodIndustry2020)].
@@ Line 1461: / Line 1458: @@
 <caption>Supermarkets analysis [(RETAILERS2022)]</caption>
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-^ SUPERMARKET  ^  TECHNOLOGIES INVESTMENT  ^  GROWTH RATE  ^
+^ SUPERMARKET  ^  TECHNOLOGIES INVESTMENT [€]  ^  GROWTH RATE [%]  ^
-| TESCO        |  €700m                    |  6.7%         |
+| TESCO        |  700 m                    |  6.7         |
-| CARREFOUR    |  €2.8bn                   |  2.2%         |
+| CARREFOUR    |  2.8 bn                   |  2.2         |
-| SANSBURY'S   |  €150m                    |  2.3%         |
+| SANSBURY'S   |  150 m                    |  2.3         |
-| ALDI         |  €5.3bn                   |  9.5%         |
+| ALDI         |  5.3 bn                   |  9.5         |
-| LIDL         |  €1.5bn                   |  10.4%        |
+| LIDL         |  1.5 bn                   |  10.4        |
-| AUCHAN       |  €1.5bn                   |  1.2%         |
+| AUCHAN       |  1.5 bn                   |  1.2         |
 </WRAP>
 </table>
@@ Line 1511: / Line 1508: @@
 The market for smart shopping carts has experienced significant growth in recent years, thanks to the increasing demand for innovative technological solutions in the retail sector. A smart shopping cart is a device equipped with advanced technology, such as sensors, cameras, and navigation systems, which allows shoppers to shop more efficiently and conveniently.
-The market for smart shopping carts is highly competitive and rapidly expanding. Research and Markets reports that the global smart shopping cart market was valued at approximately 1.103 million dollars in 2021, and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 27% to reach 4.646 million dollars by 2027. The future trend of market growth is displayed in Figure {{ref>flabel23}}.
+The market for smart shopping carts is highly competitive and rapidly expanding. Research and Markets report that the global smart shopping cart market was valued at approximately 1.103 million dollars in 2021, and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 27 % to reach 4.646 million dollars by 2027. The future trend of market growth is displayed in Figure {{ref>flabel23}}.
 <WRAP centeralign>
@@ Line 1535: / Line 1532: @@
 **__Grocery apps __**
-According to a February 2018 survey by the Food Marketing Institute (FMI) and The Hartman Group, 72% of US grocery buyers interact with grocery retailers in some digital form. The most common interaction is the use of a rewards card or account, cited by 50% of those polled [(InsiderIntelligence2018)].
+According to a February 2018 survey by the Food Marketing Institute (FMI) and The Hartman Group, 72 % of US grocery buyers interact with grocery retailers in some digital form. The most common interaction is the use of a rewards card or account, cited by 50 % of those polled [(InsiderIntelligence2018)].
-The survey found that the primary activity on grocery mobile apps is getting coupons, cited by 82%. Using a bar code scanner is also popular (40%). Many apps like Grocery iQ and Out of Milk use this functionality to quickly add products to a shopping list, and there are also apps for scanning and checking ingredients. Figure {{ref>flabel24}} shows which activities in grocery mobile apps are the most popular among US grocery mobile app users.
+The survey found that the primary activity on grocery mobile apps is getting coupons, cited by 82 %. Using a bar code scanner is also popular (40 %). Many apps like Grocery iQ and Out of Milk use this functionality to quickly add products to a shopping list, and there are also apps for scanning and checking ingredients. Figure {{ref>flabel24}} shows which activities in grocery mobile apps are the most popular among US grocery mobile app users.
 <WRAP centeralign>
@@ Line 1547: / Line 1544: @@
 There is still some debate over whether retailers should have their own branded apps, considering users aren't likely to open them on a daily—or even regular—basis. Coupons used for grocery shopping, however, could meet this frequency criteria. comScore Inc. ranked the leading US retail mobile apps according to unique visitors in March 2018 and only one grocery app made the top 10. Kroger came in ninth place, with 12 million visits.
-Regardless, more supermarkets are launching mobile apps. According to a Progressive Grocer survey, 54.2% of US grocers had them in 2018, up from 29.6% last year. And marketers are on the same page as shoppers. When asked about the leading benefits that smartphones provide, the top answer was mobile coupons (55.6%).
+Regardless, more supermarkets are launching mobile apps. According to a Progressive Grocer survey, 54.2 % of US grocers had them in 2018, up from 29.6 % last year. And marketers are on the same page as shoppers. When asked about the leading benefits that smartphones provide, the top answer was mobile coupons (55.6 %).
 **__Benckmarking __**
@@ Line 1615: / Line 1612: @@
 Attainable:
-Avoid just picking a random, pie-in-the-sky number and setting yourself up for failure. The goal must be realistically achievable. Have a benchmark and measure from there. For example, if your website traffic has historically grown about 20% per year, it would be unrealistic to aim for an 800% increase in 2023.
+Avoid just picking a random, pie-in-the-sky number and setting yourself up for failure. The goal must be realistically achievable. Have a benchmark and measure from there. For example, if your website traffic has historically grown about 20 % per year, it would be unrealistic to aim for an 800 % increase in 2023.
 Relevant:
@@ Line 1640: / Line 1637: @@
   * Build a final product of FESmarket which can go into series production before 2023-12-01.
   * Participate in technology fairs and make contact with potential clients before 2024-03-01.
-  * Invest 10% of the sales of 2024 in the advertisement to grow before 2024-12-01.
+  * Invest 10 % of the sales of 2024 in the advertisement to grow before 2024-12-01.
-  * Increase market share to 10% (number of supermarkets) in Europe by 2025-03-01.
+  * Increase market share to 10 % (number of supermarkets) in Europe by 2025-03-01.
   * Achieve sales of 2,000 shopping carts before 2025-06-01.
   * Expand sales to customers around the world (3 countries outside Europe) before 2026-01-01.
@@ Line 1811: / Line 1808: @@
   * Find investors before 2023-08-01.
   * Participate in technology fairs and make contact with potential clients before 2024-03-01.
-  * Invest 10% of the sales of 2024 in the advertisement to grow before 2024-12-01.
+  * Invest 10 % of the sales of 2024 in the advertisement to grow before 2024-12-01.
-  * Increase market share to 10% (number of supermarkets) in Europe by 2025-03-01.
+  * Increase market share to 10 % (number of supermarkets) in Europe by 2025-03-01.
   * Achieve sales of 2,000 shopping carts before 2025-06-01.
   * Expand sales to customers around the world (3 countries outside Europe) before 2026-01-01.
@@ Line 2443: / Line 2440: @@
 {{ :structural_draw.png?1000 |}}
 <caption>Structural drawing</caption>
+</figure>
+</WRAP>
+<WRAP centeralign>
+<figure flabel77>
+{{ :assembly.png?900 |}}
+<caption>Overall view</caption>
 </figure>
 </WRAP>
@@ Line 2582: / Line 2586: @@
 <WRAP centeralign>
 <figure flabel89>
-{{ :wheels.png?600 |}}
+{{ :wheels.png?400 |}}
 <caption>Structural drawing</caption>
 </figure>
@@ Line 3230: / Line 3234: @@
   * **__Product recognition:__** Once the program receives the information from the scanned product, it uses pattern recognition algorithms or compares it to a database that has already been saved to identify the particular product. In order to do this, the information that was gathered must be compared to a database of items.
-The code developed for the prototype (smart device and apps) is described here using code flowcharts.
+Below is a video of the prototype of how the display installed in the shopping cart works.
+<WRAP centeralign>
+<figure>
+{{ :shoppingcart_app_video.mp4 |}}
+<caption> Interactive screen </caption>
+</figure>
+</WRAP>
 === - Tests & Results ===